Financial Planning

In general usage, a financial plan can be a budget, a plan for spending and saving future income. This plan allocates future income to various types of expenses, such as rent or utilities, and also reserves some income for short-term and long-term savings. A financial plan can also be an investment plan, which allocates savings to various assets or projects expected to produce future income, such as a new business or product line, shares in an existing business, or real estate.

In business, a financial plan can refer to the three primary financial statements (balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement) created within a business plan. Financial forecast or financial plan can also refer to an annual projection of income and expenses for a company, division or department.A financial plan can also be an estimation of cash needs and a decision on how to raise the cash, such as through borrowing or issuing additional shares in a company.
While a financial plan refers to estimating future income, expenses and assets, a financing plan or finance plan usually refers to the means by which cash will be acquired to cover future expenses, for instance through earning, borrowing or using saved cash.

financial inclusion in India

Financial inclusion is the delivery of financial services at affordable costs to sections of disadvantaged and low income people of society. It is essential that availability of banking and payment services to the entire population without discrimination is the prime objective of public policy.its motive is to teach and use of banking and financial service in villages.This includes

• Savings facility
• Credit and debit cards access
• Electronic fund transfer
• All kinds of commercial loans
• Overdraft facility
• Cheque facility
• Payment and remittance services
• Low cost financial services
• Insurance (Medical insurance)
• Financial advice
• Pension for old age and investment schemes
• Access to financial markets
• Micro credit during emergency
• Entrepreneurial credit

calculate ur profit easily in forex

How to Calculate Pip Values 

A "pip" is the smallest increment in any currency pair.  In EURUSD, a movement from .8941 to .8942 is one pip, so a pip is .0001.  In USDJPY, a movement from 130.45 to 130.46 is one pip, so a pip is .01.  How much in dollars is this movement worth, for example, per 10,000 Euros in EURUSD?  How much is one pip worth per 10,000 Dollars in USDJPY?   We will refer to the size, in this case 10,000 units of the base currency, as the "Notional Amount".   The formula for calculating a pip value is therefore:

(one pip, with proper decimal placement/currency exchange rate) x (Notional Amount)

Using USDJPY as an example, this yields:

  (.01/130.46) x USD10,000 = $0.77

  or 77 cents per pip

Using EURUSD as an example, we have:

  (.0001/.8942) x EUR10,000 = EUR 1.1183

But we want the pip value in USD, so we then must multiply EUR1.1183 x (EURUSD exchange rate):

  EUR 1.1183 x .8942 = $1.00

This is in fact a phenomenon you will see with any currency in which the currency is quoted first (such as EURUSD, GBPUSP, or AUDUSD): the pip value is always $1.00 per 10,000 currency units.  This is why pip (or "tick") values in currency futures, where the currency is quoted first, are always fixed.

Approximate pip values for the major currencies are as follows, per 10,000 units of the base currency:

USD/JPY:   1 pip = $.77;  In other words a change from 130.45 to 130.46 is worth about $.77 per $10,000.

EUR/USD:  1 pip = $1.00;  .8941 to .8942 is worth $1.00 per 10,000 Euros.

GBP/USD:  1 pip = $1.00;  1.4765 to 1.4766 is worth $1.00 per 10,000 Pounds.

USD/CHF:  1 pip = $.59;  1.6855 to 1.6866 is worth $.59 per $10,000.

Market Technical Analysis - Commodity Stocks Jump Carrying Market

Market Technical Analysis - Commodity Stocks Jump Carrying Market

Market Technical Analysis - Commodity Stocks Jump Carrying Market

volatility in stock price

How to estimate volatility?
It is important for companies to estimate the expected volatility carefully since it provides much of the value of options--especially relatively short-term options. Even for longer term options such as most employee stock options, the level of expected volatility accounts for a significant part of the difference in the values of options on different stocks.

Volatility Definition
First, we need to agree on definition of volatility. It's basically the variation from the average value over a measurement period. If a price varies a great deal from day to day, the volatility will be high, and conversely if the day to day variation is low, the value of volatility will be low as well.
While it get pretty complicated in a hurry when you burrow into the statistics, and you factor in things like log normal returns, and stationary processes, it can be approximated by saying that if the volatility is calculated by the standard deviation of the asset prices, then approximately 2/3 of the time the price will be within one standard deviation of the average price over time.

Why Do We Care About Volatility?
One of the areas that volatility takes on greater importance is in the area of options pricing. Not to go into great detail, but an example would be call option, or the option to buy a stock or some other asset in some future period, say the next few months. If a stock price has a history of relatively large price swings, then it becomes more likely that it can exceed the "strike price" of the potentially triggering the buyer to exercise the option, or to buy and sell the stock at a profit, even though the long term average price of the stock hasn't changed. So the option seller will price the option higher for a volatile stock to compensate for this possibility.